Hydro-geomorphological Hazards in Arid and Semi-Arid Environments and Mitigation Mechanisms: Tarhuna as a Case Study

Abstract

Flash floods are among the most hazardous natural disasters threatening development in arid and semi-arid environments. These regions are characterized by scarce rainfall, high temporal variability, and, in many cases, extremely intense precipitation events. In addition, high evaporation rates lead to soil dryness and disintegration, making soils highly susceptible to erosion following short-duration, high-intensity rainstorms, which in turn cause severe losses in lives, infrastructure, and property.

This study presents an analysis and characterization of the hydrological hazards associated with flash floods in the Tarhuna region, as an extension of semi-arid zones. It also discusses the underlying causes of these hazards and outlines the mechanisms and strategies for mitigating them in all their forms. The outcomes of this study will contribute positively to spatial development planning, particularly in light of the severe human and material losses that have affected Tarhuna and other regions in Libya.