Spatial Analysis of Solar Radiation in the Al-Butnan Region of Libya Using the H(h)_m and H(i_opt)_m Indices During the Period 2005–2023

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of solar radiation in the Al Butnan Region, eastern Libya, during the period (2005–2023), using two indicators: solar radiation on a horizontal surface (H(h)_m) and solar radiation on an optimally tilted surface (H(i_opt)_m). The objective is to identify the degree of spatial variation in solar radiation and evaluate the suitability of different areas within the region for solar energy exploitation.

The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and an applied spatial approach using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), relying on data obtained from the PVGIS platform and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM(. The results revealed a clear temporal variation in solar radiation, with the highest values recorded during the summer season and the lowest values during the winter season. The findings also showed a spatial gradient from the coastal areas toward the southern inland regions, where the Al Jaghbub station recorded the highest annual averages, while the Tobruk station registered the lowest values. Furthermore, the results confirmed that solar radiation received on the optimally tilted surface exceeded that on the horizontal surface, thereby enhancing the efficiency of solar energy utilization.The study concluded that the Al Butnan Region possesses promising potential for the development of solar energy projects and can play a significant role in achieving sustainable development.